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Salix suchowensis  is an early-flowering shrub willow that provides a desirable system for studies on the basic biology of woody plants. The current reference genome of  S. suchowensis  was assembled with 454 sequencing reads. Here, we report a chromosome-scale assembly of  S. suchowensis  generated by combining PacBio sequencing with Hi-C technologies. The obtained genome assemblies covered a total length of 356 Mb. The contig N50 of these assemblies was 263,908 bp, which was ~65-fold higher than that reported previously. The contiguity and completeness of the genome were significantly improved. By applying Hi-C data, 339.67 Mb (95.29%) of the assembled sequences were allocated to the 19 chromosomes of haploid willow. With the chromosome-scale assembly, we revealed a series of major chromosomal fissions and fusions that explain the genome divergence between the sister genera of  Salix  and  Populus . The more complete and accurate willow reference genome obtained in this study provides a fundamental resource for studying many genetic and genomic characteristics of woody plants.

The chromosome-scale assembly of the willow genome provides insight into Salicaceae genome evolution