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Soft rot disease caused by  Pectobacterium  spp. is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato, vegetables, and ornamentals. The genus  Zantedeschia  includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that are highly susceptible to the disease. Previous studies revealed that  Z. aethiopica , a member of the section  Zantedeschia , is significantly more resistant to  Pectobacterium  spp. than members of the same genus that belong to the section  Aestivae . During early infection, we found different patterns of bacterial colonization on leaves of hosts belonging to the different sections. Similar patterns of bacterial colonization were observed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) artificial inert replicas of leaf surfaces. The replicas confirmed the physical effect of leaf texture, in addition to a biochemical plant–bacterium interaction. The differential patterns may be associated with the greater roughness of the abaxial leaf surfaces of  Aestivae  group that have evolutionarily adapted to mountainous environments, as compared to  Zantedeschia  group species that have adapted to warm, marshy environments. Transverse leaf sections also revealed compact aerenchyma and reduced the total volume of leaf tissue air spaces in  Aestivae  members. Finally, an analysis of defense marker genes revealed differential expression patterns in response to infection, with significantly higher levels of lipoxygenase 2 ( lox 2) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( pal ) observed in the more resistant  Z. aethiopica , suggesting greater activation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) mechanisms in this group. The use of  Zantedeschia  as a model plant sheds light on how natural ecological adaptations may underlay resistance to bacterial soft rot in cultivated agricultural environments.

Ecological adaptations influence the susceptibility of plants in the genus Zantedeschia to soft rot Pectobacterium spp.