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Plants sense photoperiod signals to confirm the optimal flowering time. Previous studies have shown that  Cryptochrome2  ( CRY2 ) functions to promote floral transition in the long-day plant (LDP)  Arabidopsis ; however, the function and molecular mechanism by which  CRY2  regulates floral transition in short-day plants (SDPs) is still unclear. In this study, we identified a  CRY2  homologous gene,  ClCRY2 , from  Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium , a typical SDP. The morphological changes in the  C. lavandulifolium  shoot apex and  ClFTs  expression analysis under SD conditions showed that adult  C. lavandulifolium  completed the developmental transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth after eight SDs. Meanwhile,  ClCRY2  mRNA exhibited an increasing trend from 0 to 8 d of SD treatment.  ClCRY2  overexpression in wild-type (WT)  Arabidopsis  and  C. lavandulifolium  resulted in early flowering. The transcript levels of the  CONSTANS-like  ( COL ) genes  ClCOL1 ,  ClCOL4 , and  ClCOL5 , and  FLOWERING LOCUS T  ( FT ) homologous gene  ClFT1  were upregulated in  ClCRY2  overexpression ( ClCRY2- OE)  C. lavandulifolium  under SD conditions. The transcript levels of some circadian clock-related genes, including  PSEUDO-REPONSE REGULATOR 5  ( PRR5 ),  ZEITLUPE  ( ZTL ),  FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX 1  ( FKF1 ), and  GIGANTEA  ( GI-1  and  GI-2 ), were upregulated in  ClCRY2- OE  C. lavandulifolium , while the expression levels of other circadian clock-related genes, such as  EARLY FLOWERING 3  ( ELF3 ),  ELF4 ,  LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL  ( LHY ),  PRR73 , and  REVEILLE8  ( RVE8 ), were downregulated in  ClCRY2- OE  C. lavandulifolium  under SD conditions. Taken together, the results suggest that  ClCRY2  promotes floral transition by fine-tuning the expression of circadian clock-related gene,  ClCOL s and  ClFT1  in  C. lavandulifolium  under SD conditions.

horticulture research

ClCRY2 facilitates floral transition in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium by affecting the transcription of circadian clock-related genes under short-day photoperiods