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Background Prevention of non-infectious uveitis of the posterior segment (NIU-PS) recurrence using 0.2 μg/day fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi) was assessed over 3 years (NCT01694186). Outcomes for FAi-treated and fellow eyes with NIU-PS were compared, to evaluate FAi versus conventional treatment strategies. Methods Eligible subjects had &gt;1-year recurrent NIU-PS history and either ≥2 separate recurrences requiring treatment, or corticosteroid therapy (systemic or ocular) in the 12 months preceding study entry. Bilateral disease was present and analysed in 59/87 FAi-treated participants. Recurrence rates, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes, cataract surgery, intraocular pressure (IOP) events and adjunctive medication use were compared for FAi-treated and fellow eyes. Results Over 36 months, more FAi-treated than fellow eyes remained recurrence-free (28.8% vs. 5.1%,  P  = 0.001; mean 1.9 vs. 4.7 recurrences, respectively,  P  &lt; 0.0001). FAi-treated eyes gained +9.6 letters BCVA, versus a loss of −4.4 in fellow eyes ( P  &lt; 0.0001). Systemic medications were given to 42.4% of subjects. Intra/periocular adjunctive injections were lower in FAi-treated than fellow eyes (20.3% vs. 66.1%,  P  &lt; 0.0001); topical corticosteroid use was also lower in FAi-treated than fellow eyes (27.1% vs 52.5%,  P  = 0.0041). IOP-related events occurred at similar rates in both FAi-treated and fellow eyes, excepting IOP-lowering surgery (5.1% vs. 15.3%, respectively;  P  = 0.1251). Cataract surgery occurred in 72.0% of FAi-treated and 37.0% of fellow eyes. Conclusions In subjects with bilateral NIU-PS, continuous, low-dose corticosteroid with 0.2 μg/day FAi reduced recurrence and adjunctive medication requirements, and improved vision over 36 months, providing greater protection against ocular inflammation than a reactive approach using standard of care.

Non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment treated with fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant: 3-year fellow eye analysis