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Liposidomycin is a uridyl liponucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseosporeus RK-1061. It was discovered by Isono in 1985, who had previously isolated and developed a related peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic, polyoxin, a specific inhibitor of chitin synthases, as a pesticide. He subsequently isolated liposidomycin, a specific inhibitor of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis from actinomycetes, using a similar approach to the discovery of polyoxin. Liposidomycin has no cytotoxicity against BALB/3T3 cells but has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium spp. through inhibition of MraY (MurX) [phospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide transferase (translocase I, EC 2.7.8.13)]. Since the discovery of liposidomycin, several liposidomycin-type antibiotics, including caprazamycin, A-90289, and muraminomycin, have been reported, and their total synthesis and/or biosynthetic cluster genes have been studied. Most advanced, a semisynthetic compound derived from caprazamycin, CPZEN-45, is being developed as an antituberculosis agent. Translocase I is an interesting and tractable molecular target for new antituberculosis and antibiotic drug discovery against multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review is dedicated to Dr Isono on the occasion of his 88th birthday to recognize his role in the study of nucleoside antibiotics.

journal of antibiotics

Liposidomycin, the first reported nucleoside antibiotic inhibitor of peptidoglycan biosynthesis translocase I: The discovery of liposidomycin and related compounds with a perspective on their application to new antibiotics