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In nature, ion channels play key roles in controlling ion transport between cells and their surroundings. Calcium ion (Ca 2+ )-induced Ca 2+  release (CICR), a critical control mechanism for Ca 2+  channels, occurs due to a Ca 2+  concentration gradient working in synergy with ryanodine receptors, which are famously known as “calcium sparks”. Inspired by this self-regulated biological process, a smart Ca 2+  concentration-modulated nanochannel system was developed by integrating a poly{ N -isopropylacrylamide- co -acrylamide-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-2-thiourea 0.2 - co -acrylamide-DDDEEKC 0.2 } (denoted as PNI- co -CF 3 -PT 0.2 - co -DDDEEKC 0.2 ) three-component copolymer onto the nanochannels of a porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane. In this smart polymer design, the DDDEEKC hepta-peptide unit has an extraordinary binding affinity with Ca 2+  through coordination bonds, while CF 3 -PT functions as a hydrogen bond mediation unit, facilitating the remarkable conformational transition of the PNI main chain in response to Ca 2+ -specific adsorption. Due to these futures, the dynamic gating behaviors of the modified nanochannels could be precisely manipulated by the Ca 2+  concentration. In addition, the sensitive Ca 2+  response, as low as 10 pM with a high specificity toward Ca 2+  capable of discriminating Ca 2+  from other potential interference metal ions (e.g., K + , Cu 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Al 3+ ), remarkable morphological change in the nanochannel and satisfactory reversibility indicate the great potential of Ca 2+ -responsive polymers for the fabrication of biodevices and artificial nanochannels.

Smart polymer-based calcium-ion self-regulated nanochannels by mimicking the biological Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release process