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The adult olfactory mucosa, a highly regenerative tissue with unique life-long neurogenesis ability, is thought to harbor a naïve yet tightly controlled stem cell population. It will provide unique benefits in various stem cell-based therapies, such as stroke treatment. Here, we identified a subpopulation of  a dult  p luripotent-like  o lfactory  s tem  c ells (APOSCs), which were modulated by an epigenetic repressor of CBX7. APOSCs form a floating sphere, express pluripotency markers Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, and SSEA-4 and show alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, APOSCs display self-renewal and a pluripotent potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. Moreover, APOSCs coexpress pluripotency markers with CBX7. Within their natural niche, APOSCs from CBX7 +/+  mice responded promptly to either spontaneous or injury-induced tissue regeneration. However, APOSCs from CBX7 −/−  mice manifested an impaired self-renewal and differentiation potential. Similarly, in vitro-cultivated CBX7 −/−  APOSCs underwent premature senescence, whereas CBX7 +/+  APOSCs still actively divided, indicating that CBX7 is required for the self-renewal of APOSCs. Intracerebral implantation of APOSCs improved the stroke-mediated neurological dysfunction in rodents. These findings indicate that CBX7 plays a critical role in the regenerative properties of APOSCs and indicate the safety and feasibility of implantation of autologous APOSCs in stroke treatment.

Potential role of CBX7 in regulating pluripotency of adult human pluripotent-like olfactory stem cells in stroke model