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Unipotent spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be efficiently reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells only by manipulating the culture condition, without introducing exogenous reprogramming factors. This phenotype raises the hypothesis that the endogenous transcription factors (TFs) in SSCs may facilitate reprogramming to acquire pluripotency. In this study, we screened a pool of SSCs TFs ( Bcl6b, Lhx1, Foxo1, Plzf, Id4, Taf4b , and  Etv5 ), and found that oncogene  Etv5  could dramatically increase the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generation when combined with Yamanaka factors. We also demonstrated that  Etv5  could promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) at the early stage of reprogramming by regulating  Tet2 -miR200s- Zeb1  axis. In addition,  Etv5  knockdown in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) could decrease the genomic 5hmC level by downregulating  Tet2 . Furthermore, the embryoid body assay revealed that  Etv5  could positively regulate primitive endoderm specification through regulating  Gata6  and negatively regulate epiblast specification by inhibiting  Fgf5  expression. In summary, our findings provide insights into understanding the regulation mechanisms of  Etv5  under the context of somatic reprogramming, mESCs maintenance, and differentiation.

The oncogene Etv5 promotes MET in somatic reprogramming and orchestrates epiblast/primitive endoderm specification during mESCs differentiation