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Background/Objectives  Molecular mechanisms linking fish and vegetable oil intakes to their healthy metabolic effects may involve attenuation of inflammation. Our primary aim was to examine in a randomized controlled setting whether diets enriched in fatty fish (FF), lean fish (LF) or ALA-rich camelina sativa oil (CSO) differ in their effects on the mRNA expression response of selected inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.    Subjects/Methods  Samples from 72 participants randomized to one of the following 12-week intervention groups, FF ( n  = 19), LF ( n  = 19), CSO ( n  = 17) or a control group ( n  = 17), were available for the PBMC study. For SAT, 39 samples ( n  = 8,  n  = 10,  n  = 9,  n  = 12, respectively) were available. The mRNA expression was measured at baseline and 12 weeks by TaqMan® Low Density Array.    Results  In PBMCs, LF decreased  ICAM1  mRNA expression ( P  < 0.05), which was different ( P  = 0.06, Bonferroni correction) from the observed increase in the FF group ( P  < 0.05). Also, compared to the control group, LF decreased  ICAM1  mRNA expression ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, the change in  ICAM1  mRNA expression correlated positively with the intake of FF ( P  < 0.05) and negatively with the intake of LF ( P  < 0.05), independently of study group. A diet enriched in CSO, a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), decreased PBMC  IFNG  mRNA expression ( P  < 0.01). The intake of CSO in the CSO group, but not the increase in plasma ALA proportions, correlated inversely with the  IFNG  mRNA expression in PBMCs ( P  = 0.08). In SAT, when compared with the control group, the effect of FF on decreasing  IL1RN  mRNA expression was significant ( P  < 0.03).    Conclusion  We propose that CSO intake may partly exert its benefits through immuno-inflammatory molecular regulation in PBMCs, while modulation of  ICAM1  expression, an endothelial/vascular-related gene, may be more dependent on the type of fish consumed.

nutrition and diabetes

The effect of different sources of fish and camelina sativa oil on immune cell and adipose tissue mRNA expression in subjects with abnormal fasting glucose metabolism: a randomized controlled trial