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MIR139  is a tumor suppressor and is commonly silenced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the tumor-suppressing activities of  miR-139  and molecular mechanisms of  MIR139 -silencing remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the poorly prognostic MLL-AF9 fusion protein-expressing AML. We show that MLL-AF9 expression in hematopoietic precursors caused epigenetic silencing of  MIR139 , whereas overexpression of  MIR139  inhibited in vitro and in vivo AML outgrowth. We identified novel  miR-139  targets that mediate the tumor-suppressing activities of  miR-139  in MLL-AF9 AML. We revealed that two enhancer regions control  MIR139  expression and found that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) downstream of MLL-AF9 epigenetically silenced  MIR139  in AML. Finally, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen revealed RNA Polymerase 2 Subunit M (POLR2M) as a novel  MIR139 -regulatory factor. Our findings elucidate the molecular control of tumor suppressor  MIR139  and reveal a role for  POLR2M  in the  MIR139 -silencing mechanism, downstream of MLL-AF9 and PRC2 in AML. In addition, we confirmed these findings in human AML cell lines with different oncogenic aberrations, suggesting that this is a more common oncogenic mechanism in AML. Our results may pave the way for new targeted therapy in AML.

The tumor suppressor MIR139 is silenced by POLR2M to promote AML oncogenesis