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BackgroundChildren with cyanotic heart disease develop secondary erythrocytosis and thrombocytopenia via unknown mechanisms. Mature erythrocyte microRNAs may reflect clinical pathologies and cell differentiation processes pre-enucleation. This study evaluated erythrocyte microRNAs in children with cyanotic heart disease.MethodsErythrocyte microRNAs from children with cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease and without cardiac disease were quantified with Ion PGM System (n=10 per group). Differential expression was confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR; n=20 per group).ResultsMir-486-3p, mir-486-5p, and mir-155-5p increased in patients with cyanotic heart disease compared with those without heart disease: fold differences (95% confidence interval): mir-486-3p: 1.92 (1.14-3.23), P=0.011; mir-486-5p: 2.27 (1.41-3.65), P&lt;0.001; and mir-155-5p: 1.44 (1.03-2.03), P=0.028. Mir-486-5p was increased, and let-7e-5p and mir-1260a were decreased in patients with acyanotic heart disease compared with those without heart disease: mir-486-5p: 1.66 (1.03-2.66), P=0.035; let-7e-5p: 0.66 (0.44-0.99), P=0.049; and mir-1260a: 0.53 (0.29-0.99), P=0.045.ConclusionSeveral microRNA levels changed in children with cyanotic and acyanotic heart disease. Mir-486-3p and -5p are associated with hematopoietic differentiation. Mir-486-3p regulates the erythroid vs. megakaryocyte lineage fate decision. Mir-155 is a hypoxia-inducible microRNA, whose overexpression inhibits megakaryocyte differentiation. Erythrocyte microRNA expression changes may contribute to erythrocytosis and thrombocytopenia in children with cyanotic heart disease.

Potential contribution of erythrocyte microRNA to secondary erythrocytosis and thrombocytopenia in congenital heart disease