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BackgroundP16 methylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) is a major methyltransferase-specific inhibitor. In this study, the effects of 5-aza-CdR on a hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis in neonatal rats were investigated.MethodsRat pups were exposed to 85% O 2 for 21 days of and received intraperitoneal injections of 5-aza-CdR or normal saline (NS) once every other day. Survival rates and lung coefficients were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to analyze the degree of lung fibrosis. Collagen content and TGF-β1 levels were determined. A methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine P16 methylation status and P16, cyclin D1, and E2F1 protein expression.Results5-aza-CdR treatment during hyperoxia significantly improved the survival rate and weight gain, while it decreases the degree of lung fibrosis and levels of hydroxyproline and TGF-β1. Hyperoxia induced abnormal P16 methylation and 5-aza-CdR effectively reversed the hypermethylation of P16. Expression of the P16 protein in lung tissues was enhanced, while cyclin D1 and E2F1 protein were reduced by 5-aza-CdR treatment during hyperoxia.ConclusionThese data show that 5-aza-CdR attenuated lung fibrosis in neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia by lowering hydroxyproline and TGF-β1 expression and via re-expression of P16 in neonatal rats.

5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung fibrosis via re-expression of P16 in neonatal rats