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Fluorescence probe methods were applied to investigate micelle formation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) with two kinds of surfactants, anionic sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or cationic n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), in aqueous solutions using pyrene or 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde as fluorescence probes. Two PNIPA samples, one having a hydrophobic chain-end group and the other having a negatively-charged hydrophilic chain-end group, were used to investigate effects of the chain-end group on formation of the micelles. It was found that the critical aggregation concentration, at which the surfactant molecules start to bind to the PNIPA chains to form the micelles, is much lower for the PNIPA solutions containing SDS than for the solutions containing DTAC. This is consistent with the previous result that the cloud point in the PNIPA solutions containing SDS starts to increase from its value in the surfactant-free solutions at much lower concentration of added surfactant than that in the solutions containing DTAC. It was also found that there is a discrepancy in emission spectra for the solutions containing SDS between the two PNIPA samples but not for the solutions containing DTAC, indicating that the chain-end group of PNIPA may affect the microenvironmental polarity in the micelles composed of PNIPA and the surfactants

A fluorescence probe study on the effects of surfactants on cloud points in aqueous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) solutions