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The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in two-dimensional electron system(2DES) is an exotic, superfluid-like matter with an emergent topological order.From the consideration of Aharonov-Bohm interaction of electrons and magneticfield, the ground state of a half-filled lowest Landau level is mathematicallytransformed to a Fermi sea of composite objects of electrons bound to two fluxquanta, termed composite fermions (CFs). A strong support for the CF theoriescomes from experimental confirmation of the predicted Fermi surface at $\nu$ =1/2 (where $\nu$ is the Landau level filling factor) from the detection of theFermi wave vector in the semi-classical geometrical resonance experiments.Recent developments in the theory of CFs have led to a prediction of a $\pi$Berry phase for the CF circling around the Fermi surface at half-filling. Inthis paper we provide the first experimental evidence for the detection of theBerry phase of CFs in the fractional quantum Hall effect. Our measurements ofthe Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of CFs as a function carrier density at afixed magnetic field provide a strong support for an existence of a $\pi$ Berryphase at $\nu$ = 1/2. We also discover that the conductivity of compositefermions at $\nu$ = 1/2 displays an anomalous linear density dependence, whoseorigin remains mysterious yet tantalizing.

Berry Phase and Anomalous Transport of the Composite Fermions at the Half-Filled Landau Level