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Since the early work by Ashkin in 1970, optical trapping has become one ofthe most powerful tools for manipulating small particles, such as micron sizedbeads or single atoms. The optical trapping mechanism is based on theinteraction energy of a dipole and the electric field of the laser light. Inatom trapping, the dominant contribution typically comes from the allowedoptical transition closest to the laser wavelength, whereas for mesoscopicparticles it is given by the bulk polarizability of the material. These twodifferent regimes of optical trapping have coexisted for decades without anydirect link, resulting in two very different contexts of applications: onebeing the trapping of small objects mainly in biological settings, the otherone being dipole traps for individual neutral atoms in the field of quantumoptics. Here we show that for nanoscale diamond crystals containing artificialatoms, so-called nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers, both regimes of opticaltrapping can be observed at the same time even in a noisy liquid environment.For wavelengths in the vicinity of the zero-phonon line transition of the colorcenters, we observe a significant modification ($10\%$) of the overall trappingstrength. Most remarkably, our experimental findings suggest that owing to thelarge number of artificial atoms, collective effects greatly contribute to theobserved trapping strength modification. Our approach adds the powerfulatomic-physics toolbox to the field of nano-manipulation.

Observation of cooperatively enhanced atomic dipole forces from NV centers in optically trapped nanodiamonds