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International audienceThe extreme intensities now delivered by femtosecond lasers make it possible to drive and control relativistic motion of charged particles with light1, opening a path to compact particle accelerators2, 3 and coherent X-ray sources4, 5. Accurately characterizing the dynamics of ultrahigh-intensity laser–plasma interactions as well as the resulting light and particle emissions is an essential step towards such achievements. This remains a considerable challenge, as the relevant scales typically range from picoseconds to attoseconds in time, and from micrometres to nanometres in space. In these experiments, owing to the extreme prevalent physical conditions, measurements can be performed only at macroscopic distances from the targets, yielding only partial information at these microscopic scales. This letter presents a major advance by applying the concepts of ptychography6, 7 to such measurements, and thus retrieving microscopic information hardly accessible until now. This paves the way to a general approach for the metrology of extreme laser–plasma interactions on very small spatial and temporal scale

Ptychographic measurements of ultrahigh-intensity laser–plasma interactions