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Heisenberg's uncertainty principle results in one of the strangest quantumbehaviors: an oscillator can never truly be at rest. Even in its lowest energystate, at a temperature of absolute zero, its position and momentum are stillsubject to quantum fluctuations. Resolving these fluctuations using linearposition measurements is complicated by the fact that classical noise canmasquerade as quantum noise. On the other hand, direct energy detection of theoscillator in its ground state makes it appear motionless. So how can weresolve quantum fluctuations? Here, we parametrically couple a micromechanicaloscillator to a microwave cavity to prepare the system in its quantum groundstate and then amplify the remaining vacuum fluctuations into real energyquanta. Exploiting a superconducting qubit as an artificial atom, we measurethe photon/phonon-number distributions during these optomechanicalinteractions. This provides an essential non-linear resource to, first, verifythe ground state preparation and second, reveal the quantum vacuum fluctuationsof the macroscopic oscillator's motion. Our results further demonstrate theability to control a long-lived mechanical oscillator using a non-Gaussianresource, directly enabling applications in quantum information processing andenhanced detection of displacement and forces.

Resolving the vacuum fluctuations of an optomechanical system using an artificial atom