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Low-dimensional electron systems, as realized naturally in graphene orcreated artificially at the interfaces of heterostructures, exhibit a varietyof fascinating quantum phenomena with great prospects for future applications.Once electrons are confined to low dimensions, they also tend to spontaneouslybreak the symmetry of the underlying nuclear lattice by forming so-calleddensity waves; a state of matter that currently attracts enormous attentionbecause of its relation to various unconventional electronic properties. Inthis study we reveal a remarkable and surprising feature of charge densitywaves (CDWs), namely their intimate relation to orbital order. For theprototypical material 1T-TaS2 we not only show that the CDW within thetwo-dimensional TaS2-layers involves previously unidentified orbital texturesof great complexity. We also demonstrate that two metastable stackings of theorbitally ordered layers allow to manipulate salient features of the electronicstructure. Indeed, these orbital effects enable to switch the properties of1T-TaS2 nanostructures from metallic to semiconducting with technologicallypertinent gaps of the order of 200 meV. This new type of orbitronics isespecially relevant for the ongoing development of novel, miniaturized andultra-fast devices based on layered transition metal dichalcogenides.

Orbital textures and charge density waves in transition metal dichalcogenides