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One of the pivotal questions in the physics of high-temperaturesuperconductors is whether the low-energy dynamics of the charge carriers ismediated by bosons with a characteristic timescale. This issue has remainedelusive since electronic correlations are expected to dramatically speed up theelectron-boson scattering processes, confining them to the very femtosecondtimescale that is hard to access even with state-of-the-art ultrafasttechniques. Here we simultaneously push the time resolution and the frequencyrange of transient reflectivity measurements up to an unprecedented level thatenables us to directly observe the 16 fs build-up of the effectiveelectron-boson interaction in hole-doped copper oxides. This extremely fasttimescale is in agreement with numerical calculations based on the t-J modeland the repulsive Hubbard model, in which the relaxation of the photo-excitedcharges is achieved via inelastic scattering with short-range antiferromagneticexcitations.

Snapshots of the retarded interaction of charge carriers with ultrafast fluctuations in cuprates