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Collisionless shocks can be produced as a result of strong magnetic fields ina plasma flow, and therefore are common in many astrophysical systems. TheWeibel instability is one candidate mechanism for the generation ofsufficiently strong fields to create a collisionless shock. Despite theircrucial role in astrophysical systems, observation of the magnetic fieldsproduced by Weibel instabilities in experiments has been challenging. Using aproton probe to directly image electromagnetic fields, we present evidence ofWeibel-generated magnetic fields that grow in opposing, initially unmagnetizedplasma flows from laser-driven laboratory experiments. Three-dimensionalparticle-in-cell simulations reveal that the instability efficiently extractsenergy from the plasma flows, and that the self-generated magnetic energyreaches a few percent of the total energy in the system. This resultdemonstrates an experimental platform suitable for the investigation of a widerange of astrophysical phenomena, including collisionless shock formation insupernova remnants, large-scale magnetic field amplification, and the radiationsignature from gamma-ray bursts.

Observation of magnetic field generation via the Weibel instability in interpenetrating plasma flows