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Massless Dirac electrons in condensed matter have attracted considerableattention. Unlike conventional electrons, Dirac electrons are described in theform of two-component wave functions. In the surface state of topologicalinsulators, these two components are associated with the spin degrees offreedom, hence governing the magnetic properties. Therefore, the observation ofthe two-component wave function provides a useful clue for exploring the novelspin phenomena. Here we show that the two-component nature is manifested in theLandau levels (LLs) whose degeneracy is lifted by a Coulomb potential. Usingspectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy, we visualize energy andspatial structures of LLs in a topological insulator Bi2Se3. The observedpotential-induced LL splitting and internal structures of Landau orbits aredistinct from those in a conventional electron system and are well reproducedby a two-component model Dirac Hamiltonian. Our model further predictsnon-trivial energy-dependent spin-magnetization textures in a potentialvariation. This provides a way to manipulate spins in the topological surfacestate.

Imaging two-component nature of Dirac-Landau levels in the topological surface state of Bi2Se3