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Recent neutron scattering experiments on the spin-1/2 kagome latticeantiferromagnet ZnCu3(OH)6Cl2 (Herbertsmithite) provide the first evidence offractionalized excitations in a quantum spin liquid state in two spatialdimensions. In contrast to existing theoretical models of spin liquids, themeasured dynamic structure factor reveals an excitation continuum which isremarkably flat as a function of frequency and has almost no momentumdependence along several high-symmetry directions. Here we show that manyexperimentally observed features can be explained by the presence oftopological vison excitations in a Z2 spin liquid. These visons form flat bandson the kagome lattice, and thus act as a momentum sink for spin-carryingexcitations which are probed by neutron scattering. We compute the dynamicstructure factor for two different Z2 spin liquids and find that one of themdescribes Herbertsmithite well above a very low energy cutoff.

Topological excitations and the dynamic structure factor of spin liquids on the kagome lattice