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Matter-wave interferometry with atoms and molecules has attracted a rapidlygrowing interest over the past two decades, both in demonstrations offundamental quantum phenomena and in quantum-enhanced precision measurements.Such experiments exploit the non-classical superposition of two or moreposition and momentum states which are coherently split and rejoined tointerfere. Here, we present the experimental realization of a universalnear-field interferometer built from three short-pulse single-photon ionizationgratings. We observe quantum interference of fast molecular clusters, with acomposite de Broglie wavelength as small as 275 fm. Optical ionization gratingsare largely independent of the specific internal level structure and aretherefore universally applicable to different kinds of nanoparticles, rangingfrom atoms to clusters, molecules and nanospheres. The interferometer issensitive to fringe shifts as small as a few nanometers and yet robust againstvelocity-dependent phase shifts, since the gratings exist only for nanosecondsand form an interferometer in the time domain.

A universal matter-wave interferometer with optical ionization gratings in the time domain