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Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) correlations, i.e. correlations in far-fieldintensity fluctuations, yield fundamental information on the quantum statisticsof light sources, as highlighted after the discovery of photon bunching.Drawing on the analogy between photons and atoms, similar measurements havebeen performed for matter-wave sources, probing density fluctuations ofexpanding ultracold Bose gases. Here we use two-point density correlations tostudy how coherence is gradually established when crossing the Bose-Einsteincondensation (BEC) threshold. Our experiments reveal a persistent multimodecharacter of the emerging matter-wave as seen in the non-trivial spatial shapeof the correlation functions for all probed source geometries from nearlyisotropic to quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D), and for all probed temperatures.The qualitative features of our observations are captured by ideal Bose gastheory, the quantitative differences illustrate the role of particleinteractions.

Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlations across the Bose-Einstein condensation threshold