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The uncertainty principle generally prohibits determination of certain pairsof quantum mechanical observables with arbitrary precision and forms the basisof indeterminacy in quantum mechanics. It was Heisenberg who used the famousgamma-ray microscope thought experiment to illustrate this indeterminacy. Alower bound was set for the product of the measurement error of an observableand the disturbance caused by the measurement. Later on, the uncertaintyrelation was reformulated in terms of standard deviations, which focuses solelyon indeterminacy of predictions and neglects unavoidable recoil in measuringdevices. A correct formulation of the error-disturbance relation, taking recoilinto account, is essential for a deeper understanding of the uncertaintyprinciple. However, the validity of Heisenberg's original error-disturbanceuncertainty relation is justifed only under limited circumstances. Anothererror-disturbance relation, derived by rigorous and general theoreticaltreatments of quantum measurements, is supposed to be universally valid. Here,we report a neutron optical experiment that records the error of aspin-component measurement as well as the disturbance caused on anotherspin-component measurement. The results confirm that both error and disturbancecompletely obey the new, more general relation but violate the old one in awide range of an experimental parameter.

Experimental demonstration of a universally valid error-disturbance uncertainty relation in spin-measurements