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Axions are very light, very weakly interacting particles postulated more than30 years ago in the context of the Standard Model of particle physics. Theirexistence could explain the missing dark matter of the universe. However,despite intensive searches, they have yet to be detected. In this work, we showthat magnetic fluctuations of topological insulators couple to theelectromagnetic fields exactly like the axions, and propose several experimentsto detect this dynamical axion field. In particular, we show that the axioncoupling enables a nonlinear modulation of the electromagnetic field, leadingto attenuated total reflection. We propose a novel optical modulators devicebased on this principle.

Dynamical Axion Field in Topological Magnetic Insulators