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Strong coupling of photons and materials in semiconductor nanocavity systemshas been investigated because of its potentials in quantum informationprocessing and related applications, and has been testbeds for cavity quantumelectrodynamics (QED). Interesting phenomena such as coherent exchange of asingle quantum between a single quantum dot and an optical cavity, calledvacuum Rabi oscillation, and highly efficient cavity QED lasers have beenreported thus far. The coexistence of vacuum Rabi oscillation and laseroscillation appears to be contradictory in nature, because the fragilereversible process may not survive in laser oscillation. However, recently, ithas been theoretically predicted that the strong-coupling effect could besustained in laser oscillation in properly designed semiconductor systems.Nevertheless, the experimental realization of this phenomenon has remaineddifficult since the first demonstration of the strong-coupling, because anextremely high cavity quality factor and strong light-matter coupling are bothrequired for this purpose. Here, we demonstrate the onset of laser oscillationin the strong-coupling regime in a single quantum dot (SQD)-cavity system. Ahigh-quality semiconductor optical nanocavity and strong SQD-field couplingenabled to the onset of lasing while maintaining the fragile coherent exchangeof quanta between the SQD and the cavity. In addition to the interestingphysical features, this device is seen as a prototype of an ultimate solidstate light source with an SQD gain, which operates at ultra-low power, withexpected applications in future nanophotonic integrated systems and monolithicquantum information devices.

Laser oscillation in a strongly coupled single quantum dot-nanocavity system