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Photonic circuits can be much faster than their electronic counterparts, butthey are difficult to miniaturize below the optical wavelength scale. Nanoscalephotonic circuits based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPs) are a promisingsolution to this problem because they can localize light below the diffractionlimit. However, there is a general tradeoff between the localization of an SPand the efficiency with which it can be detected with conventional far-fieldoptics. Here we describe a new all-electrical SP detection technique based onthe near-field coupling between guided plasmons and a nanowire field-effecttransistor. We use the technique to electrically detect the plasmon emissionfrom an individual colloidal quantum dot coupled to an SP waveguide. Ourdetectors are both nanoscale and highly efficient (0.1 electrons/plasmon), anda plasmonic gating effect can be used to amplify the signal even higher (up to50 electrons/plasmon). These results enable new on-chip optical sensingapplications and are a key step towards "dark" optoplasmonic nanocircuits inwhich SPs can be generated, manipulated, and detected without involvingfar-field radiation.

Near-field Electrical Detection of Optical Plasmons and Single Plasmon Sources