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Quantum entanglement enables tasks not possible in classical physics. Manyquantum communication protocols require the distribution of entangled statesbetween distant parties. Here we experimentally demonstrate the successfultransmission of an entangled photon pair over a 144 km free-space link. Thereceived entangled states have excellent, noise-limited fidelity, even thoughthey are exposed to extreme attenuation dominated by turbulent atmosphericeffects. The total channel loss of 64 dB corresponds to the estimatedattenuation regime for a two-photon satellite quantum communication scenario.We confirm that the received two-photon states are still highly entangled byviolating the CHSH inequality by more than 5 standard deviations. From afundamental point of view, our results show that the photons are virtually notsubject to decoherence during their 0.5 ms long flight through air, which isencouraging for future world-wide quantum communication scenarios.

High-fidelity transmission of entanglement over a high-loss freespace channel