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Quantum sensors based on single solid-state spins promise a uniquecombination of sensitivity and spatial resolution. The key challenge in sensingis to achieve minimum estimation uncertainty within a given time and with ahigh dynamic range. Adaptive strategies have been proposed to achieve optimalperformance but their implementation in solid-state systems has been hinderedby the demanding experimental requirements. Here we realize adaptive d.c.sensing by combining single-shot readout of an electron spin in diamond withfast feedback. By adapting the spin readout basis in real time based onprevious outcomes we demonstrate a sensitivity in Ramsey interferometrysurpassing the standard measurement limit. Furthermore, we find by simulationsand experiments that adaptive protocols offer a distinctive advantage over thebest-known non-adaptive protocols when overhead and limited estimation time aretaken into account. Using an optimized adaptive protocol we achieve a magneticfield sensitivity of $6.1 \pm 1.7$ nT *Hz$^{-1/2}$ over a wide range of 1.78mT. These results open up a new class of experiments for solid-state sensors inwhich real-time knowledge of the measurement history is exploited to obtainoptimal performance.

Optimized quantum sensing with a single electron spin using real-time adaptive measurements