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The model of interacting fermion systems in one dimension known asTomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) provides a simple and exactly solvabletheoretical framework, predicting various intriguing physical properties.Evidence of TLL has been observed as power-law behavior in the electronictransport and momentum-resolved spectroscopy on various types ofone-dimensional (1D) conductors. However, these measurements, which rely on dctransport involving tunneling processes, cannot identify the eigenmodes of theTLL, i.e., collective excitations characterized by non-trivial effective chargee* and charge velocity v*. The elementary process of charge fractionalization,a phenomenon predicted to occur at the junction of a TLL and non-interactingleads, has not been observed. Here we report time-resolved transportmeasurements on an artificial TLL comprised of coupled integer quantum Halledge channels, successfully identifying single charge fractionalizationprocesses. An electron wave packet with charge e incident from anon-interacting region breaks up into several fractionalized charge wavepackets at the edges of the artificial TLL region, from which e* and v* can bedirectly evaluated. These results are informative for elucidating the nature ofTLLs and low-energy excitations in the edge channels.

Fractionalized Wave Packets from an Artificial Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid