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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre, as a promising candidate solid state systemof quantum information processing, its electron spin coherence is influenced bythe magnetic field fluctuations due to the local environment. In pure diamonds,the environment consists of hundreds of C-13 nuclear spins randomly spreadingin several nanometers range forming a spin bath. Controlling and prolonging theelectron spin coherence under the influence of spin bath are challenging tasksfor the quantum information processing. On the other hand, for a given bathdistribution, many of its characters are encoded in the electron spincoherence. So it is natural to ask the question: is it possible to 'decode' theelectron spin coherence, and extract the information about the bath structures?Here we show that, among hundreds of C-13 bath spins, there exist strongcoupling clusters, which give rise to the millisecond oscillations of theelectron spin coherence. By analyzing these oscillation features, the keyproperties of the coherent nuclear spin clusters, such as positions,orientations, and coupling strengths, could be uniquely identified. Thisaddressability of the few-nuclear-spin cluster extends the feasibility of usingthe nuclear spins in diamond as qubits in quantum computing. Furthermore, itprovides a novel prototype of single-electron spin based, high-resolution andultra-sensitive detector for the chemical and biological applications.

Nuclear spin pair coherence in diamond for atomic scale magnetometry