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The enormous stiffness and low density of graphene make it an ideal materialfor nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) applications. We demonstrate fabrication andelectrical readout of monolayer graphene resonators, and test their response tochanges in mass and temperature. The devices show resonances in the MHz range.The strong dependence of the resonant frequency on applied gate voltage can befit to a membrane model, which yields the mass density and built-in strain.Upon removal and addition of mass, we observe changes in both the density andthe strain, indicating that adsorbates impart tension to the graphene. Uponcooling, the frequency increases; the shift rate can be used to measure theunusual negative thermal expansion coefficient of graphene. The quality factorincreases with decreasing temperature, reaching ~10,000 at 5 K. By establishingmany of the basic attributes of monolayer graphene resonators, these studieslay the groundwork for applications, including high-sensitivity mass detectors.

Performance of Monolayer Graphene Nanomechanical Resonators with Electrical Readout