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Many strongly correlated electronic materials, including high-temperaturesuperconductors, colossal magnetoresistance and metal-insulator-transition(MIT) materials, are inhomogeneous on a microscopic scale as a result of domainstructure or compositional variations. An important potential advantage ofnanoscale samples is that they exhibit the homogeneous properties, which candiffer greatly from those of the bulk. We demonstrate this principle usingvanadium dioxide, which has domain structure associated with its dramatic MITat 68 degrees C. Our studies of single-domain vanadium dioxide nanobeams revealnew aspects of this famous MIT, including supercooling of the metallic phase by50 degrees C; an activation energy in the insulating phase consistent with theoptical gap; and a connection between the transition and the equilibriumcarrier density in the insulating phase. Our devices also provide ananomechanical method of determining the transition temperature, enablemeasurements on individual metal-insulator interphase walls, and allow generalinvestigations of a phase transition in quasi-one-dimensional geometry.

Metal-insulator transition in vanadium dioxide nanobeams: probing sub-domain properties of strongly correlated materials