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Room temperature Ionic liquids (RTIL) received considerable attention as anew class of materials with fundamental importance for energy storage\cite{Armand2009, Uesugi2013} and active lubrication \cite{Palacio2010,Dold2015, Smith2013a}. Their unique properties result from the competition ofstrong electrostatic interactions with properly designed molecular structure toavoid crystalization at room temperature. They are however unsual liquids,which challenge fundamentally the classical frameworks of electrolytes. Inparticular their behavior at electrified interfaces remains elusive with veryrich and exotic responses relevant to their electrochemical activity\cite{Kornyshev2014,Merlet2012,Perkin2013,Atkin2009,Rotenberg2015,Endres2012,Bovio2009a,Bovio2009,Yokota2010}.In this work, we use quartz tuning fork based AFM nanorheological measurementsto explore the properties of RTIL in nanometric confinement. We unveil adramatic change of the RTIL towards a solid-like phase below a thresholdthickness, pointing to a capillary freezing in confinement. This thresholdthickness is found to be intimately related to the metallic nature of theconfining materials, with more metallic surfaces facilitating capillaryfreezing. This behavior is interpreted theoretically in terms of the shift ofthe freezing transition, taking into account the influence of the electronicscreening on RTIL wetting of the confining surfaces, as described by the simpleThomas-Fermi approach. Our findings provides fresh views on the properties ofconfined RTIL with important implications for their statics and dynamics insidenanoporous metallic structures. This also suggests applications to tunenanoscale lubrication with the phase-changing RTIL, by varying the nature aswell as the patterning of the subtrate, and the application of activepolarisation.

Nanoscale capillary freezing of ionic liquids confined between metallic interfaces and the role of electronic screening