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Nonlinear optical excitation of infrared active lattice vibrations has beenshown to melt magnetic or orbital orders and to transform insulators intometals. In cuprates, this technique has been used to remove charge stripes andpromote superconductivity, acting in a way opposite to static magnetic fields.Here, we show that excitation of large-amplitude apical oxygen distortions inthe cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.5 promotes highly unconventionalelectronic properties. Below the superconducting transition temperature (Tc =50 K), interbilayer coherence is transiently enhanced at the expense ofintra-bilayer coupling. Strikingly, even above Tc a qualitatively similareffect is observed up to room temperature, with transient inter-bilayercoherence emerging from the incoherent ground state and similar transfer ofspectral weight from high to low frequency. These observations are compatiblewith previous reports of an inhomogeneous normal state that retains importantproperties of a superconductor, in which light may be melting competing ordersor dynamically synchronizing the interlayer phase. The transient redistributionof coherence discussed here could lead to new strategies to enhancesuperconductivity in steady state.

Optically enhanced coherent transport in YBa2Cu3O6.5 by ultrafast redistribution of interlayer coupling