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A minimum atmospheric temperature, or tropopause, occurs at a pressure ofaround 0.1 bar in the atmospheres of Earth, Titan, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus andNeptune, despite great differences in atmospheric composition, gravity,internal heat and sunlight. In all these bodies, the tropopause separates astratosphere with a temperature profile that is controlled by the absorption ofshortwave solar radiation, from a region below characterised by convection,weather, and clouds. However, it is not obvious why the tropopause occurs atthe specific pressure near 0.1 bar. Here we use a physically-based model todemonstrate that, at atmospheric pressures lower than 0.1 bar, transparency tothermal radiation allows shortwave heating to dominate, creating astratosphere. At higher pressures, atmospheres become opaque to thermalradiation, causing temperatures to increase with depth and convection to ensue.A common dependence of infrared opacity on pressure, arising from the sharedphysics of molecular absorption, sets the 0.1 bar tropopause. We hypothesizethat a tropopause at a pressure of approximately 0.1 bar is characteristic ofmany thick atmospheres, including exoplanets and exomoons in our galaxy andbeyond. Judicious use of this rule could help constrain the atmosphericstructure, and thus the surface environments and habitability, of exoplanets.

Common 0.1 bar Tropopause in Thick Atmospheres Set by Pressure-Dependent Infrared Transparency