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Quantum light-matter interfaces (QLMIs) connecting stationary qubits tophotons will enable optical networks for quantum communications, precise globaltime keeping, photon switching, and studies of fundamental physics.Rare-earth-ion (REI) doped crystals are state-of-the-art materials for opticalquantum memories and quantum transducers between optical photons, microwavephotons and spin waves. Here we demonstrate coupling of an ensemble ofneodymium REIs to photonic nano-cavities fabricated in the yttriumorthosilicate host crystal. Cavity quantum electrodynamics effects includingPurcell enhancement (F=42) and dipole-induced transparency are observed on thehighly coherent 4I9/2-4F3/2 optical transition. Fluctuations in the cavitytransmission due to statistical fine structure of the atomic density aremeasured, indicating operation at the quantum level. Coherent optical controlof cavity-coupled REIs is performed via photon echoes. Long optical coherencetimes (T2~100 microseconds) and small inhomogeneous broadening are measured forthe cavity-coupled REIs, thus demonstrating their potential for on-chipscalable QLMIs.

Nanophotonic coherent light-matter interfaces based on rare-earth-doped crystals