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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many physiological processes including body growth. Insulin/IGF signalling is the primary regulator of animal body growth, but the extent to which miRNAs act in insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is unclear. Here we generate a UAS-miRNA library of  Drosophila  stocks and perform a genetic screen to identify miRNAs whose overexpression in the IPCs inhibits body growth in  Drosophila . Through this screen, we identify  miR-9a  as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of insulin signalling and body growth. IPC-specific  miR-9a  overexpression reduces insulin signalling and body size. Of the predicted targets of  miR-9a , we find that loss of  miR-9a  enhances the level of sNPFR1. We show via an  in vitro  binding assay that  miR-9a  binds to  sNPFR1  mRNA in insect cells and to the mammalian orthologue  NPY2R  in rat insulinoma cells. These findings indicate that the conserved  miR-9a  regulates body growth by controlling  sNPFR1/NPYR -mediated modulation of insulin signalling.

Genome-wide microRNA screening reveals that the evolutionary conserved miR-9a regulates body growth by targeting sNPFR1/NPYR