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Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses play an important role in the development of diabetes. Although the diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis strain D virus induces diabetes in restricted lines of inbred mice, the susceptibility genes to virus-induced diabetes have not been identified. We report here that novel  Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2)  gene mutations are present in virus-induced diabetes-sensitive SJL and SWR mice. Mice carrying the mutant  Tyk2  gene on the virus-resistant C57BL/6 background are highly sensitive to virus-induced diabetes.  Tyk2  gene expression is strongly reduced in  Tyk2 -mutant mice, associated with low  Tyk2  promoter activity, and leads to decreased expression of interferon-inducible genes, resulting in significantly compromised antiviral response.  Tyk2- mutant pancreatic β-cells are unresponsive even to high dose of Type I interferon. Reversal of virus-induced diabetes could be achieved by β-cell-specific  Tyk2  gene expression. Thus, reduced  Tyk2  gene expression in pancreatic β-cells due to natural mutation is responsible for susceptibility to virus-induced diabetes.

Reduced Tyk2 gene expression in β-cells due to natural mutation determines susceptibility to virus-induced diabetes