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The recent observation of current-induced domain wall (DW) motion with largevelocity in ultrathin magnetic wires has opened new opportunities forspintronic devices. However, there is still no consensus on the underlyingmechanisms of DW motion. Key to this debate is the DW structure, which can beof Bloch or N\'eel type, and dramatically affects the efficiency of thedifferent proposed mechanisms. To date, most experiments aiming to address thisquestion have relied on deducing the DW structure and chirality from its motionunder additional in-plane applied fields, which is indirect and involves strongassumptions on its dynamics. Here we introduce a general method enablingdirect, in situ, determination of the DW structure in ultrathin ferromagnets.It relies on local measurements of the stray field distribution above the DWusing a scanning nanomagnetometer based on the Nitrogen-Vacancy defect indiamond. We first apply the method to a Ta/Co40Fe40B20(1 nm)/MgO magnetic wireand find clear signature of pure Bloch DWs. In contrast, we observe left-handedN\'eel DWs in a Pt/Co(0.6 nm)/AlOx wire, providing direct evidence for thepresence of a sizable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) at the Pt/Cointerface. This method offers a new path for exploring interfacial DMI inultrathin ferromagnets and elucidating the physics of DW motion under current.

The nature of domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnets revealed by scanning nanomagnetometry