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In recent years, a class of solid state materials, called three-dimensionaltopological insulators, has emerged. In the bulk, a topological insulatorbehaves like an ordinary insulator with a band gap. At the surface, conductinggapless states exist showing remarkable properties such as helical Diracdispersion and suppression of backscattering of spin-polarized charge carriers.The characterization and control of the surface states via transportexperiments is often hindered by residual bulk contributions yet at cryogenictemperatures. Here, we show that surface currents in Bi2Se3 can be controlledby circularly polarized light on a picosecond time scale with a fidelity nearunity even at room temperature. We re-veal the temporal separation of suchultrafast helicity-dependent surface currents from photo-induced thermoelectricand drift currents in the bulk. Our results uncover the functionality ofultrafast optoelectronic devices based on surface currents in topologicalinsulators.

Ultrafast helicity control of surface currents in topological insulators with near-unity fidelity