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It is a challenge to fabricate graphene bulk materials with properties arising from the nature of individual graphene sheets, and which assemble into monolithic three-dimensional structures. Here we report the scalable self-assembly of randomly oriented graphene sheets into additive-free, essentially homogenous graphene sponge materials that provide a combination of both cork-like and rubber-like properties. These graphene sponges, with densities similar to air, display Poisson&#39;s ratios in all directions that are near-zero and largely strain-independent during reversible compression to giant strains. And at the same time, they function as enthalpic rubbers, which can recover up to 98% compression in air and 90% in liquids, and operate between -196 and 900 degrees C. Furthermore, these sponges provide reversible liquid absorption for hundreds of cycles and then discharge it within seconds, while still providing an effective near-zero Poisson&#39;s ratio.This work was supported by MoST (Grants 2012CB933401 and 2014CB643502) and NSFC (Grants 51273093 and 21374050) and MoE (B12015) in China, the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI grant FA9550?12?1?0035 in the United States, and the Creative Research Initiative Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the MEST-US Air Force Cooperation Program (Grant No.2012-00074) in Korea. We thank Professor Xu Chen and Mr Shouwen Shi of the Tianjin University, HORIBA Scientific, Professor Qiang Zhang and Mr Yinghao Zhang of the Tsinghua University for their important contributions for DMA, polarized Raman and SEM

Three-dimensionally bonded spongy graphene material with super compressive elasticity and near-zero Poisson’s ratio