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In conventional BCS superconductors, the quantum condensation ofsuperconducting electron pairs is understood as a Fermi surface (FS)instability, in which the low-energy electrons are paired by attractiveinteractions. Whether this explanation is still valid in high-Tcsuperconductors such as cuprates and iron-based superconductors remains an openquestion. In particular, a fundamentally different picture of the electronpairs, which are believed to be formed locally by repulsive interactions, mayprevail. Here we report a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemissionspectroscopy study on LiFe1-xCoxAs. We reveal a large and robustsuperconducting (SC) gap on a band sinking below the Fermi energy upon Cosubstitution. The observed FS-free SC order is also the largest over themomentum space, which rules out a proximity effect origin and indicates thatthe SC order parameter is not tied to the FS as a result of a FS instability.

Observation of strong electron pairing on bands without Fermi surfaces in LiFe1-xCoxAs