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One of the most abrupt and yet unexplained past rises in atmospheric CO 2  (>10 p.p.m.v. in two centuries) occurred in quasi-synchrony with abrupt northern hemispheric warming into the Bølling/Allerød, ~14,600 years ago. Here we use a U/Th-dated record of atmospheric Δ 14 C from Tahiti corals to provide an independent and precise age control for this CO 2  rise. We also use model simulations to show that the release of old (nearly  14 C-free) carbon can explain these changes in CO 2  and Δ 14 C. The Δ 14 C record provides an independent constraint on the amount of carbon released (~125 Pg C). We suggest, in line with observations of atmospheric CH 4  and terrigenous biomarkers, that thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes could have been the source of carbon, possibly with contribution from flooding of the Siberian continental shelf during meltwater pulse 1A. Our findings highlight the potential of the permafrost carbon reservoir to modulate abrupt climate changes via greenhouse-gas feedbacks.

Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød