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Electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting(ATS) are two prominent examples of coherent interactions between opticalfields and multilevel atoms. They have been observed in various physicalsystems involving atoms, molecules, meta-structures and plasmons. In recentyears, there has been an increasing interest in the implementations ofall-optical analogues of EIT and ATS via the interacting resonant modes of oneor more optical microcavities. Despite the differences in their underlyingphysics, both EIT and ATS are quantified by the appearance of a transparencywindow in the absorption or transmission spectrum, which often leads to aconfusion about its origin. While in EIT the transparency window is a result ofFano interference among different transition pathways, in ATS it is the resultof strong field-driven interactions leading to the splitting of energy levels.Being able to tell objectively whether a transparency window observed in thespectrum is due to EIT or ATS is crucial for clarifying the physics involvedand for practical applications. Here we report a systematic study of thepathways leading to EIT, Fano, and ATS, in systems of two coupledwhispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microtoroidal resonators. Moreover, we report forthe first time the application of the Akaike Information Criterion discerningbetween all-optical analogues of EIT and ATS, and clarifying the transitionbetween them.

What is- and what is not- Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency in Whispering-Gallery-Microcavities