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From its very beginning quantum theory has been revealing extraordinary andcounter-intuitive phenomena, such as wave-particle duality, Schr\"odinger catsand quantum non-locality. In the study of quantum measurement, a processinvolving pre- and postselection of quantum ensembles in combination with aweak interaction was found to yield unexpected outcomes. This scheme, usuallyreferred to as "weak measurements", can not only be used as an amplificationtechnique and for minimal disturbing measurements, but also for the explorationof quantum paradoxes. Recently the quantum Cheshire Cat has attractedattention: a quantum system can behave as if a particle and its property (e.g.its polarization) are spatially separated. Up to now most experiments studyingweak measurements were done with photonic setups. To reveal the peculiaritiesof a quantum Cheshire Cat the use of non-zero mass particles is most appealing,since no classical description is possible. Here, we report an experiment usinga neutron interferometer to create and observe a purely quantum mechanicalCheshire Cat. The experimental results suggest that the system behaves as ifthe neutrons went through one beam path, while their spin travelled along theother.

Observation of a quantum Cheshire Cat in a matter wave interferometer experiment