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An intriguing aspect of unconventional superconductivity is that it alwaysappears in the vicinity of other competing phases, whose suppression brings thefull emergence of superconductivity. In the iron-pnictides, these competingphases are marked by a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition and acollinear spin-density-wave (SDW) transition. There has been macroscopicevidence for competition between these phases and superconductivity as themagnitude of both the orthorhombicity and magnetic moment are suppressed in thesuperconducting state. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ondetwinned underdoped $Ba_{1-x}K_xFe_2As_2$, we observe a coexistence of boththe SDW gap and superconducting gap in the same electronic structure.Furthermore, our data reveal that following the onset of superconductivity, theSDW gap decreases in magnitude and shifts in a direction consistent with areduction of the orbital anisotropy. This observation provides directspectroscopic evidence for the dynamic competition between superconductivityand both SDW and electronic nematic orders in these materials.

Dynamic competition between spin density wave order and superconductivity in underdoped $Ba_{1-x}K_xFe_2As_2$