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Space weather refers to dynamic conditions on the Sun and in the spaceenvironment of the Earth, which are often driven by solar eruptions and theirsubsequent interplanetary disturbances. It has been unclear how an extremespace weather storm forms and how severe it can be. Here we report andinvestigate an extreme event with multi-point remote-sensing and in-situobservations. The formation of the extreme storm showed striking novelfeatures. We suggest that the in-transit interaction between two closelylaunched coronal mass ejections resulted in the extreme enhancement of theejecta magnetic field observed near 1 AU at STEREO A. The fast transit toSTEREO A (in only 18.6 hours), or the unusually weak deceleration of the event,was caused by the preconditioning of the upstream solar wind by an earliersolar eruption. These results provide a new view crucial to solar physics andspace weather as to how an extreme space weather event can arise from acombination of solar eruptions.

Observations of an extreme storm in interplanetary space caused by successive coronal mass ejections