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© 2013 Dr. Ji Hun KimPublications included in thesis:Kim, J. H., Zhang, T., Wong, N. C., Davidson, N., Maksimovic, J., Oshlack, A., et al. (2013). Condensin I associates with structural and gene regulatory regions in vertebrate chromosomes. Nature Communications, 4:2537. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3537Kim, J. H., Kalitsis, P., Pertile, M. D., Magliano, D., Wong, L., Choo, K. H. A., et al. (2012). Nucleic Acid: Hybridization. In Encyclopedia of Life Science. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0003148.pub2Green, L. C., Kalitsis, P., Chang, T. M., Cipetic, M., Kim, J. H., Marshal, O., et al. (2012). Contrasting roles of condensin I and condensin II in mitotic chromosome formation. Journal of Cell Science 125(6):1591-604. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.097790Kim, J. H., Chang, T. M., Graham, A. N., Choo, K. H. A., Kalitsis, P., Hudson, D. F. (2010). Streptavidin-Binding Peptide (SBP)-tagged SMC2 allows single-step affinity fluorescence, blotting or purification of the condensing complex. BMC Biochemistry, 11:50. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-11-50Condensin is essential for the packaging of chromatin into condensed chromosomes in all eukaryotes. It is a multi-subunit protein complex consisting of two core subunits SMC2 and 4 and three auxiliary components CAP-H, CAP-D2, CAP-G for condensin I and CAP-H2, CAP-D3, CAP-G2 for condensin II. Condensin I associates with chromosomes after the nuclear envelope breaks down, and is required for the formation of higher order structure of condensed chromosomes, whereas, condensin II binds to DNA throughout the cell cycle and initiates prophase chromosome condensation. While its role in chromosome condensation is well-established, where condensin I binds in the vertebrate genome is a key outstanding question. This thesis illustrates the first genome-wide map of condensin I in vertebrate cells, which sheds light on the role of condensin I in chromosome condensation and will possibly assist to understand its increasing link to diseases. The genome-wide map suggests that condensin I is enriched at promoters of actively transcribed RNA polymerase II-driven genes, in addition to tRNA and rRNA genes. Furthermore, condensin I is enriched in discrete regions along the central axis, and high concentration of condensin I binding in centromeres and telomeres were observed which is thought to be required for the structural integrity of chromosomes for proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Importantly, this genomic localization pattern of condensin in vertebrates is also seen in bacteria and yeast, suggesting a conserved condensin binding in three kingdoms of life. Another key finding from this study is that condensin I regulates the gene expression through bookmarking. Although how condensin binds to these regions and regulates the genes is enigmatic, this finding is opening a window of new direction in the understanding of condensin and chromosome structure and their link to diseases.Restricted Access: This resource is not available from the Digital Repository for copyright reasons. This is a citation and abstract only record